374 MODERK TURKEY

key there are practically no repair shops or machine
sh0ps? but these necessary accompaniments to an indus-
trial regime would come naturally providing they would
meet any general demand.

There is an immediate need for foreign capital for re-
building the burnt areas of Constantinople, Smyrna,
and other important cities and towns. The Turkish daily
Takit announced in the year 1920 that during the
past decade 17?191 buildings in Constantinople had been
burned. Yet within that period only 532 structures had
actually been rebuilt although 7794 authorizations for
new buildings had been granted. The destruction by fire
in Constantinople has rendered homeless approximately
100,000 over this ten-year period. Approximately one
fourth of the area of Stamboul las been burned over: it
Is a desolate monument to past conflagrations. The most
disastrous recent fire was that of June 13, 1918, when
8,000 buildings were destroyed. These losses have been
especially heavy due to the typical wooden frame con-
struction, their lack of repair and general neglect, and a
primitive system for controlling fires. The municipal
authorities at Constantinople have plans ready for the
rebuilding of the Fatih quarter of Stamboul. They have
been refusing permits for the erection of wooden build-
ings, but, nevertheless, there is a distinct market for
portable houses and the more substantial structures of
the bungalow type. The rebuilding of Stamboul which
includes not only houses but also municipal services in-
volves a prospective outlay in excess of $50,000,000. The
reconstruction of Smyrna as the result of the conflagra-
tion of 1922 calls for large expenditures of funds. An-
gora also suffered from a bad fire during the War period.

Numerous other proposals for capital expenditure in-
clude electric supply, street ears, telephones, water com-
panies, abattoirs, refrigerating plants, forests, fish hatch-
eries, motor transport, office buildings, model villages,